Minerals and energy resources class 10

 Minerals and energy resources class 10 

 Q1. Classify metallic minerals with an example of each.

Answer : Metallic minerals can be classified as:

 (i) Ferrous: Provides a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. e.g., Iron ore, manganese 

(ii) Non-ferrous: Plays a vital role in metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. e.g., Copper, lead, bauxite.

 (iii) Precious: It is an expensive metallic mineral and not corroded by water. It is found in placer deposits e.g. gold, silver, platinum etc. 

Q2.  "Minerals occur in various forms". Support this statement with examples. 

Answer :  Occurrence of minerals:

 (i) In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. 

(ii) In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid/ molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth's surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead, etc., are obtained from veins and lodes. 

(iii) In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. For example gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions. 

(iv) Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed this way.

 (v) Certain minerals may occur as allvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called 'placer deposits' and generally contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most important among such minerals. 

3. Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India.

Answer : i)Ferrous minerals in India account for approximately three-fourths of the total price of the production of metallic minerals.

 ii)They provide a strong foundation for the expansion of metallurgical industries. 

iii) India is also a leading exporter of ferrous minerals, magnetite, hematite are some of the common ferrous minerals. 

iv) Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra are the chief states where these minerals are found.