Chapter 4: Thinkers, beliefs and buildings
Q1. Name two sects of Buddhism.
Ans. The two sects of Buddhism are Hinayana and Mahayana.
Q2. What is the most important idea in Jainism?
Ans. The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated.Q3. Define 'Tirthankara'.
Ans. In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).Q4. Define the concept of Bodhisatta.
Ans. Bodhisatta were perceived as deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their efforts, but used this not to attain nibbana and there-by abandon the world, but to help others.
Q5. Who started Jainism?
Ans. Rishabdev was the first Tirthankara and Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.Q6. What did Queen Kamalavati ask the king to renounce?
Ans. Queen Kamalavati ask the king to renounce the world, the kingdom, abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and renounced the pleasures.
Ans. Queen Kamalavati ask the king to renounce the world, the kingdom, abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and renounced the pleasures.
Q7. What did Buddha's stupas represented?
Ans. The Buddha's stupas represented Mahaparinibbona.
Ans. The Buddha's stupas represented Mahaparinibbona.
Q8. Differentiate between Vaishnavism and Shaivism.
Ans. The worship of Lord Shiva is known as Shaivism and the worship of Lord Vishnu is known as Vaishnavism.
Q9. Why were the stupas venerated?
Ans. The stupas were venerated as relics of the Buddha such as his bodily remains or objects used by him were buried there.Q10. What did the early Buddhist teachings give importance to?
Ans. Early Buddhist teachings gave importance to self-efforts in achieving Nibbana.
Q11. During the nineteenth century, why the Europeans were interested in the stupa? Give two reasons.
Ans. Europeans were interested in stupa because:
(i) British official named Colin Mackenzie found several pillars of sculpture and made detailed drawings of them. These reports were never published in order to protect the stupa.
(ii) 19th century Europeans, like the French and English sought Shahjehan Begum's permission to take away the Eastern gateway which was best preserved to be displayed in museums in France and England.
(iii) Cunningham took drawing of the place, deciphered the inscriptions and bored shafts down these domes. This happened partly because those who considered them to be beautiful and valuable wanted to keep it for themselves.
(i) British official named Colin Mackenzie found several pillars of sculpture and made detailed drawings of them. These reports were never published in order to protect the stupa.
(ii) 19th century Europeans, like the French and English sought Shahjehan Begum's permission to take away the Eastern gateway which was best preserved to be displayed in museums in France and England.
(iii) Cunningham took drawing of the place, deciphered the inscriptions and bored shafts down these domes. This happened partly because those who considered them to be beautiful and valuable wanted to keep it for themselves.
